Northwest Frankfurt – A new urban quarter

The current situation
Frankfurt is growing continually. The housing market is permanently defined by shortages and forecasts predict that by 2030 another 90,000 apartments will be needed – the figure includes the current shortfall. Although people are looking for dwellings in all price classes, there is a particular need for more affordable homes. Many people are already unable to afford an apartment in Frankfurt – and the shortage is driving rents up higher still.
In order to address this shortage, areas such as those previously used for military purposes have been converted into residential quarters. Simultaneously, within the city densification measures have been and indeed are still being conducted: Gaps in lines of buildings are being filled with newbuilds and additional stories added to existing buildings. There are, however, limits to this internal development, especially as the area Frankfurt covers is limited and important areas of greenery such as Frankfurt’s Green Belt must remain intact. This means that the potential which conversion and densification measures offer is not sufficient to provide enough living space for all the people that need it. Major new urban developments such as Riedberg and the Europaviertel will be completed in the foreseeable future.




The idea
Several new urban quarters could be developed in the northwest of Frankfurt adjoining Nordweststadt and Praunheim, as well as to the west of the A5 interstate. This would allow the City of Frankfurt to meet the rising need for affordable homes in the medium to long term. Subsequent generations would thus also have the chance to live in Frankfurt.


The resolution
In December 2017 the Frankfurt City Council resolved to examine whether in the area “Northwest Frankfurt” suitable conditions exist for an urban development measure (sections 165 ff. German Building Code). This cannot be done overnight but ultimately, at the end of a long process, the complex studies will provide the political decision makers with the information they need to decide whether there should be an urban development measure, and if so, what scope it should take.


What could be realized here, and for whom?
Should the studies come to the conclusion that all the conditions are met, then on the basis of current planning up to 6,800 apartments for up to 17,000 residents could be built in the area in question. With a view to ensuring a diverse range of housing, groups of developers and cooperatives would then also be taken into consideration. Parks, plazas, schools, daycare centers, stores, sports and leisure facilities would create attractive quarters. The main aim is to create a new home for people of different ages and in different situations – including those on average and low incomes. New jobs would also be created in the quarters. In line with the resolution passed by the City Council, the extent to which housing can also be integrated in the planned “North of Heerstrasse” commercial estate needs to be assessed.

For further information please consult the special editions of the "IM DIALOG - Neuer Stadtteil der Quartiere". It tells you all about the procedures and the actors. And along with background insights it reports on the studies and events.

• Update aus dem Stadtplanungsamt – Mai 2022

  
  

• Update aus dem Stadtplanungsamt – Januar 2022

  
  

   

• Update aus dem Stadtplanungsamt – Juli 2021

  
  

• Erklärvideo

  
  

Weitere Informationen erhalten Sie in den Sonderausgaben des Magazins „IM DIALOG - Neuer Stadtteil der Quartiere". Dort erfahren Sie alles über das Verfahren und die Akteure. Es berichtet über Untersuchungen, Veranstaltungen und liefert Hintergrundwissen.

In the northwest there is a large area of open land that could with relatively little effort be connected to the existing public transport network. This would mean that the new quarters would boast mobility services that are as environmentally friendly as they are effective.

This area, which was then examined with a view to its suitability for development covers a total of 550 hectares. If construction does go ahead the development area would take up 190 hectares at most – including roads, parks, schools and childcare facilities.

The A5 interstate is the defining element of the area being studied, as the highway divides the area into a western and eastern section. To the north an important west-east link abuts the area in the form of Rosa Luxemburg Strasse.

The area being studied lies in the extreme northeast of the Frankfurt city limits and consequently not only borders on Frankfurt districts but also lies in the immediate vicinity of Oberursel, Steinbach and Eschborn. Within the area being studied, on its eastern periphery, there are roads and buildings that are located in Niederursel, Nordweststadt and Praunheim respectively. Praunheim’s commercial zone lies completely within the area examined.

One special way cities and towns can realize large development projects is an instrument known as the “urban development measure” in accordance with sections 165 ff of the German Building Code. Before a development area is defined by a development by-law, the local authority must conduct preparatory studies in order to prove that all the criteria are met, and a development measure is justified (section 165 (4) German Building Code). The result of the preparatory studies provides the specialist information needed to determine the feasibility of the new quarters. The result of the preparatory studies only becomes binding when a City Council passes a resolution on the urban development measure and issues a development statute. Until such a time, the results of the process remain open.

The City Planning Dept. has been tasked with conducting the preparatory studies for the area in question. This means that in the course of a long process it will examine whether the urban planning proposal is possible here and whether all the legal requirements and technical criteria that justify an “urban development measure” are met. To this end, they obtain the requisite expert opinions.

The preparatory studies are intended to answer various questions: Which areas are suitable for development and which not? How willing are the owners of plots in the area being investigated to become involved in the development of the new quarters? What costs will the city have to shoulder for the development project? And what might new residential areas and spaces look like and how they could function? The questions were answered in the framework of a “multiple commissioning”. Seven planning teams were each commissioned to develop urban development ideas of their own that ideally take all the parameters into consideration. The studies reveal which different approaches and solutions there are, and their impact. The findings were submitted for final review by a jury of experts on Nov. 11, 2020. The jury recommended the contribution “Circular Quarters” by planning team cityförster architecture + urbanism (Hanover) with Urbane Gestalt (Cologne) for further elaboration as part of the preparatory studies. On this basis, the basic data provided by the experts were updated and further expert opinions commissioned. At the end of 2021 the City Planning Dept. consulted the local authorities and other public-interest agencies involved. The official statements thus solicited were then assessed to establish whether and how they impacted on the urban planning study and the feasibility of the urban planning development measure. In November 2022 an interim report on the findings hitherto of the preparatory studies were passed on to the City Executive with the plan being on that basis to request that the Regional Council initiate a regional procedure for permission to depart from existing planning objectives. Only once this regional planning process has been completed can the preparatory studies be definitively concluded. In the form of City Executive submission M 181, the interim report was forwarded to the City Council for a resolution to be taken.

The City Planning Dept. will compile the results of the preparatory studies following conclusion of the procedure to obtain permission to depart from set planning objectives in a final report to the City Council.


The challenges

There are many challenges. Among other things, whether, where, and how the new residential quarters can be built depends on whether the concept studies provide sound solutions to the challenges. Here are select examples of the most important challenges. They were examined in the form of the expert opinions contained in the preparatory studies and proposals formulated as to how to address them. A short summary of the findings contained in these expert reports are included as Factsheets under the respective text passages.


The climate and cold air

At the moment a large part of the area being investigated is a cold-air production area. As part of the preparatory studies, the area and its surroundings are also being studied as regards climate-related aspects: What is the current situation, and what would development mean for the production of cold air, how would it be transported, and what would change in terms of the ventilation of neighboring districts? And most of all: What design or technical means could be used to counter this?


Nature and water

The meadows along the Urselbach and Steinbach streams are not only ecologically key and important in terms of local recreation, they also fulfill important flood protection functions. Shaping the streams’ valleys such that they serve both as a flood retention area as well as a recreational area for the new urban quarters and the neighboring municipalities is key. Nor must the strictly protected animal and plant species living there be forgotten in any planning measures.


Power lines

There are several overhead power lines in the area in question. These are stretches, along which one or several high-voltage lines run. Because these are importance for trans-regional power supplies, they must be preserved as a matter of principle. What possibilities there are with regard to moving or reorganizing these lines, and what distances from the new quarters have to be maintained will be established through the preparatory studies.


Mobility

Up to 30,000 residents and also many new jobs all translate into an increase in the volume of traffic. This must be structured such that it is not an additional burden to adjoining districts. In order for people to be able to get from A to B easily and quickly, local public transport must be given a great deal of attention from the outset. In comparison with other undeveloped land, the area being investigated stands out for the fact that it adjoins existing subway and LRT lines, which can easily be extended. In addition, new quarters would need to have an extensive network of pedestrian and cycle paths that is linked to the surrounding municipalities.


The interstate and noise

The A5 interstate runs through the middle of the area in question. If, as planned, the number of its lanes is increased from the current six to eight, noise levels will increase further. By means of a noise expert opinion, the preparatory studies will reveal exactly where the expected volume of traffic can result in particularly high levels. The fact that the A5 has a dividing effect represents a further challenge. The studies must come up with good ideas for meeting both challenges.

We have set ourselves ambitious targets. Should new quarters be built in the northwest, it is safe to assume that the development lead-time will be 10 to 15 years. For this reason, planning must be sufficiently robust and flexible to adapt to changed circumstances. We are developing courageous concepts, which while taking a look at the future can be implemented today. We expect far more than just high urban development and landscape planning quality from the future quarters:


Vibrant quarters are characterized by a good blend of everything: amenities, facilities building shapes, social services and cultural diversity.

Areas of greenery and plazas will play a pivotal role in the new quarters. They will be linked with one another and the surrounding countryside, be easy to access, and even offer value added to the surrounding municipalities.

Affordable land for commerce is intended to encourage businesses to settle here. Retail, medical practices, bars, restaurants, and other service providers will bring new jobs and life to the quarter.

Mobility of the future must be taken into consideration from the outset in the new quarters: short distances, lots of pathways and roads, on which pedestrians, cyclists, and local public transport do not play second fiddle. Should new quarters be developed it must not be at the cost of existing districts.

A sense of community and responsibility will be of paramount importance as early as the drawing board stage. Social and cultural facilities such as youth centers and civic centers, childcare facilities, schools, clubhouses, churches, religious facilities and sports grounds are the foundations of harmonious coexistence. However, amenities such as these should not only benefit the respective quarter but also the needs of neighboring districts.

What is needed is much forward-looking specialist knowledge on the part of experts and citizens alike not to mention good ideas if the new quarters are to be a success in every respect and become a new home for many.
To this end, seven urban planning companies teamed up with landscape architects over a period of about six months to develop ideas and concepts for the new urban quarter.

What is needed is much forward-looking specialist knowledge on the part of experts and citizens alike not to mention good ideas if the new quarters are to be a success in every respect and become a new home for many new inhabitants. To this end, seven urban planning companies teamed up with landscape architect practices to develop ideas and concepts for the new urban quarter.

The different possible solutions were discussed during the conceptualization process, the proposals then improved, tweaked and fleshed out. The general public was familiarized with the planning teams’ proposals at the Citizens’ Dialog II and III events and were able to comment on them using the www.ffm.de/nordwest online platform and during a digital citizens’ participation session.

On Nov. 11, 2020 the jury reached a decision and recommended implementation of the study by cityförster architecture + urbanism (Hanover) together with Urbane Gestalt (Cologne).

An advisory panel known as the Consilium is providing specialist support for the preparatory studies for the new quarters. It addresses questions relating to urban development, architecture, and open space planning and makes suggestions with regard to the participation procedure, the design stage, and indeed the entire process.

The Consilium is made up of eight experts from Germany, Austria and Switzerland who offer advice on the basis of their experience. They represent a wide range of disciplines that are of importance in the development of new quarters: urban and regional planning, ecology and landscape planning, organizational and process optimization, business and social sciences.

The eight appointed members of the Consilium are:
• Frauke Burgdorff (regional planner, Municipal Councilor for planning, construction, and mobility in Aachen, )
• Uli Hellweg (Chair of the Consilium, urban planner, planning and consulting firm HELLWEG URBAN CONCEPT, former managing director of IBA Hamburg, former Head of the City of Kassel Planning Department),
• Burkhard Horn (transport planner, consultant at the interface between transport policyand transport planning, former head of Transport in the Berlin Senate),
• Hilmar von Lojewski (urban and regional planner, Association of German Cities Councilor for Urban Development, Housing, Construction, and Transport; former Head of Urban Development and Construction Management in the Berlin Senate),
• Thomas Madreiter (urban and regional planner, City of Vienna Director of Planning),
• Prof. Antje Stokman (landscape architect, Professor of “Architecture and Landscape” at HafenCity University, Hamburg)
• Prof. Silke Weidner (Chair of the Consilium, urban and regional planner, Professor of Urban Management at Brandenburg Technical University (BTU) in Cottbus)
• Oliver Weigel (urban and economic geographer, head of the “Fundammental Issues in Urban Development” department in the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety.


The Consilium was established by a resolution adopted by the Frankfurt City Council in 2017. The advice proffered by the Consilium will also be discussed with representatives of the neighboring municipalities and the local consultative councils 7 and 8. At least two meetings a year are envisaged.

During the entire process we will engage in dialog with citizens, organizations, and initiatives, in which all participants are equals. They will be involved, and their experiences, opinions, and ideas will be listened to. And your local and specialist knowledge is also of interest!
Lots of different ways of finding out about things and participating are an invitation to you to get involved – using both analog and digital means. And we are nothing if not transparent at all times: We continually keep you up to date with the state of things and explain complicated matters such that anyone can understand them.
You can participate during the entire process. A decision by the city councilors in favor of developing the area being investigated will provide lots of opportunities for you to become actively involved in the process over the coming years.

Information event on November 28, 2019



A wealth of facts will be tabled on November 28, 2019: At an information event the process team will present the procedure and provide background information about relevant issues. The team will also register initial suggestions with regard to the process and the urban development concepts. The event was an introduction to the topic, a source of background information and creates a basis for coming events. There is a detailed account of the event on this page to be found as an overview under Downloads.


Citizens’ Dialog I on February 15, 2020



In workshops at the Citizens’ Dialog I, the participants developed visions and goals for concept studies. These suggestions were passed on to the planning teams along with the tender documents.

Citizens’ Dialog II from May 13 – June 3, 2020 and from August 3 – 23, 2020

At Citizen’s Dialog II, participants were for the first time able to view the concept studies developed by then planning offices. They were able to review how the planning teams had addressed the suggestions made and comment on them. These findings were also passed on to the planning offices, which then once again revised their proposals. Citizens’ Dialog II took place primarily online owing to the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, two rounds of dialog were held using the Frankfurt Fragt Mich (www.ffm.de/nordwest) online platform, accompanied by an exhibition in the lobby of the Dept. of Planning.

Citizens’ Dialog III

At the Citizens’ Dialog III the planning studios presented the final results of their design process. Here, again, public feedback was encouraged using the Frankfurt Fragt Mich (www.ffm.de/nordwest) online platform and, on Nov. 7, 2020, at the live digital Citizens’ Dialog session. The feedback was passed on to the jury.

Participating in order to participate

Would you like or do you need a different form of participation? The “Participating in order to participate” scheme ensures that each and every citizen can participate. Let us know what you want, and we will look into it.

December 14, 2017
The City Council of the City of Frankfurt resolves preparatory studies conducted

November 7, 2019 – Jan. 22, 2020
Pan-European selection procedure for preparing “studies on the city and countryside”

November 28, 2019

Public information event in the Planning Department of the City of Frankfurt.



February 15, 2020

Citizens’ Dialog I (input for studies on the city and countryside)

May 13 – June 3, 2020 & August 3 – 23, 2020
Citizens’ Dialog II: interim presentation of the first draft proposals and feedback from citizens
Owing to the pandemic, this took the form of a two-tier online civic participation session, accompanied by an exhibition in the lobby of the Dept. of Planning.

November 7, 2020  
Citizens’ Dialog III (presentation of the finalized proposals, feedback for the jury)

November 11, 2020
Jury convenes (not open to the public)



November 13, 2020
Press conference: The study “Circular Quarters” was recommended for elaboration.

Nov. 22 – Dec. 22, 2021
Local authorities and other public-interest agencies involved in the consultations

Nov. 4, 2022
Executive Council submission M 181 on the interim report on the preparatory studies in order to initiate the procedure to obtain permission to depart from set planning objectives

• Data and facts

• Will the entire 550 hectares be developed?

  No, the area measuring approx. 550 hectares is the land being investigated. Around 190 hectares of it will be developed and will include roads, parks, schools and childcare centers. The studies on the city and the countryside develop concepts that make more precise statements on the distribution and structure of the areas involved.

• Urban development

• What is an urban development measure (UDM)?
  

  An urban development measure is an urban development tool (sections 165 ff. of the German Building Code (BauGB)) regulated by the German Building Code. With it the city can develop urban planning projects such as new quarters swiftly. A prerequisite for an urban development measure is proof that the urban development objective cannot be achieved with other urban development tools. Another significant difference from the classic development of land for construction is the obligation on the part of the municipality to acquire the plots of land in the development area at their initial asset value prior to being earmarked for development. Furthermore, the municipality is obliged to subsequently sell the plots of land subject to a construction obligation. The development facilities and the social infrastructure (schools, childcare centers, etc.) are financed from the difference between the purchase price of the undeveloped plots of land and the selling price of the building plots. If in the framework of an urban development project surpluses are made then the monies are reimbursed to the original owners of the land.

• Why are the preparatory studies for Frankfurt Nordwest continuing although the valid Regional Plan for South Hessen / Regional Land Use Plan primarily do not allow for urban development there?

  Preparatory studies on an urban development measure can in principle also be conducted for areas where the South Hessen Regional Master Plan / Regional Land Use Plan (RPS/RegFNP) do not identify building areas. Before a legal status can be created covering building plans, the RPS/RegFNP first has to be changed and/or adapted.
  Without this, the supra-ordinated guidelines innate in the State, Regional and Land Use plans must invariably be reflected in the binding urban development planning. At present, any urban development planning would not yet be in line with the goals of regional and state development planning; moreover, the statements given in the valid Regional Land Use Plan 2010 run counter to urban development in the area of Frankfurt Nordwest. The City of Frankfurt would thus not be able as of today to issue zoning plans for large parts of the area in question, on the basis of which housing could be legally built.
  The objectives as regards an updated planning concept for a new RPS/RegFNP outlined by the South Hessen Regional Assembly on Dec. 13, 2019 constitute a significant obstacle for any urban development in the Frankfurt Nordwest area. The South Hessen Regional Assembly has, however, emphasized, that applications for deviations from the objectives for specific sites can be filed on a smaller scale until such a point in time when a draft of the new RPS/RegFNP has been tabled, for example for land sections east of the A 5 interstate.
  The South Hessen Regional Assembly and the Chamber of the FrankfurtRhineMain Regional Association would have to reach a decision on deviations from the regional planning goals and changes to the statements in the respectively valid RPS/RegFNP for sub-sites if the City of Frankfurt filed corresponding applications in the course of urban land use planning. If and when this will be is the case depends on the findings of the preparatory studies and any resolution on the same passed by the City Council.
  In light of all the development potential in South Hessen and the Frankfurt/Rhine-Main conurbation, the South Hessen Regional Assembly and the Chamber of the FrankfurtRhineMain Regional Association will in coming years have to decide on a draft for a new edition of the RPS/RegFNP – and in this context also provide answers to the irrefutable requirements for future urban development in the region’s main center, i.e. Frankfurt. In this context, the possible urban development in the area being studied, namely Frankfurt Nordwest, will need to be evaluated.
  What applies in both cases is that the experts will need to be consulted and the relevant documentation compiled. This will necessarily also cover the urban development concept, without which there no assessment can be made of the feasibility of developing either the entire area studied or sections of it.

• Living

• Who will live in the new quarters?

  The aim of the urban planning is to create new homes for people of different ages and in different living situations by providing affordable housing.

• How high will the proportion of subsidized housing be?

  The ratio of subsidized housing must be at least 30 percent. Groups of developers and cooperatives will also be considered so that a wide range of different residential formats will evolve. The Resolution on Building Land, which is explained here, includes more detailed specifications.

• How can a vibrant urban quarter arise?

  The City of Frankfurt will make certain that all the requirements of modern and vibrant urban quarters will be met:
  •    A range of diverse forms of living in different types of housing
  •    Private open spaces which by virtue of being protected areas on the inside of blocks enable, for example, meetings with immediate neighbors
  •    Stores within walking distance
  •    Provision of doctors, bars, restaurants, and other service providers
  •    Wide range of mobility with a focus on public transport, pedestrians, and cyclists
  •    A broad range of childcare places from crèche to nursery, elementary schools and a secondary school
  •    A wide range of sports and leisure time facilities which encourage diverse club activities
  •    Religious facilities
  •    Well designed, clearly defined public spaces that enable residents to meet on lively plazas but also withdraw to quiet areas of greenery
  •    Jobs in the mixed usage and commercial areas.
  

• When will the first houses be built?

  The outcome of the preparatory studies is open and therefore the City Council will not make a decision until the final report on the preparatory studies is submitted at the end of 2021.

• Environment and climate

• In what way will the issue of the climate be taken into consideration?

  At the moment the land being investigated is to a large extent a location where cold air arises.
  The preparatory studies included a climatic study of the land in question and the surrounding area. This involved an analysis of the current situation, and the impact of construction work on the generation and transport of cold air and on air circulation. Click herefor the details.
  Possible optimization measures include keeping cold air corridors (valleys and brooks) well clear of obstruction, flow-optimized positioning of buildings, and roof and facade greening.

• What will happen to the drinking water wells on Heerstrasse?

  The Praunheim II water works’ drinking water wells will remain in operation in the future, too. The idea of shutting down the water works, which was mooted a few years ago, has been abandoned. You will find more detailed information about the situation with regard to water supply in this flyer published by Arbeitsgemeinschaft Wasserversorgung Rhein-Main
  Situation Analysis with Regard to Water Supply in the Rhine-Main Region
  and in the detailed report:

  <a title="Wechsel zur Seite www.hessenwasser.de" class="jumpbtn_int" href="https://www.hessenwasser.de/fileadmin/user_upload/WRM-Situationsanalyse_2016_Bericht.pdf">Updated Situation Analysis with Regard to Water Supply in the Rhine-Main Region - July 2016</a>

• What approach will be taken to the power lines?
  

  There are several power lines of regional and national importance running through the area in question. As a matter of principle, the functionality of these must be preserved. The preparatory studies will determine what opportunities there are to relocate the lines both horizontally and vertically (underground cabling) or to reorganize them. How to deal with the required distances of 200 meters or 400 meters from residential buildings will also be clarified in the course of further proceedings.

• Agriculture

• What will happen to agriculture?

  The owners as well as tenants of land used for agricultural purposes will be affected by new building land and the land that will then be offered in compensation.

  The preparatory studies will explore the extent to which such persons will be affected, and together with the farmers possible solutions will be elaborated on how to take the possible consequences into consideration in an appropriate manner.

  Moreover, the studies on the city and the countryside outlined whether and in what form new concepts are possible for interlocking agriculture and the development of the quarters. The proposal recommended for implementation envisages spacious areas in the northwest of the area studied where new forms of small-scale agricultural production will be possible for local consumption.

• What measures will be taken as compensation?

  Construction work involves interventions in nature and the countryside. Legislation states quite clearly the extent to which these interventions can be avoided or minimized must be examined. In other words, compensation measures such as areas of greenery or the planting of woods must be envisaged. Replacement biotopes must be of the same standard.  Should this not be possible, compensation land in a natural setting must be found elsewhere. Ecological aspects will be taken into consideration in the construction project from the outset. What form construction takes will not be discussed just from a construction technology or cost point of view, but always taking environmental compatibility into consideration.

• Mobility

• Wow can the new quarters be accessed?

  When the new quarters are developed then the plan is to connect them into the local road network within the boundaries of the City of Frankfurt. The idea is to avoid placing the burden of additional motor traffic on neighboring communities.
  Essentially, it must be ascertained what capacity the existing road network has in order to rule out congestion as far as possible even at this stage. Particular attention must be paid to a good and efficient public transport system with sensible connections to the one already in place so as to keep motorized private transport as low as possible. An extensive network of cycle paths is expected also to help avoid journeys by car.

• What will happen to the Praunheim by-pass?

  The Praunheim bypass is listed as a measure in the City of Frankfurt Transportation Master Plan 2005 (GVP). Until such a time as the City Council passes a resolution to the contrary, this GVP specification remains in place. As part of the studies on the city and the countryside, statements were made on how to best integrate the Praunheim bypass.
  

• What will the response be to the fragmentation caused by the A5 interstate?

  The studies on the city and the countryside had to come up with possible solutions to this central issue. Design-wise the dividing effect of the interstate needed to be handled carefully. The study selected offers a proposal in this regard – namely erecting a landscaped bridge over the interstate.
  

• How will the noise from the A5 interstate be dealt with?

  Because of the high volume of traffic, which given the planned increase in the number of lanes is set to rise, the A5 interstate causes considerable noise.
  As part of the preparatory studies an expert opinion on noise was complied, which on the basis of the volume of traffic forecast identified the areas affected and examine possible noise protection measures. Click here to read the expert opinion.

• Information and involvement

• How can landowners and those affected participate?

  As part of the preparatory studies the city will approach the landowners and tenants in the area in question with a view to determining the extent to which they are willing to get involved in the proceedings. As a rule, if the plot of land is in the developed area of Niederursel, Praunheim or Nordweststadt, no further development of it should be expected. In these districts, owners will not be addressed in person but can air their views and bring these to bear in the overall process in the citizens dialog sessions.
  For further information please click here.

• If you have any further questions, we will be happy to help you. Simply contact one of the persons listed below.